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Navigating the world of electric vehicles (EVs) and their capabilities can be complex, especially when it comes to understanding bidirectional charging. You've likely come across articles listing EVs with this feature, but distinguishing between Vehicle-to-Load (V2L), Vehicle-to-Home (V2H), and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) can still be confusing. Plus, once you get past this first hurdle, there’s still confusion on how you can even get one of these bidirectional systems for your home here in the US. This post aims to clarify which EVs support which specific bidirectional features, serving as a playbook for understanding the various use cases.
As a refresher, here's a brief definition of the differences between V2G, V2H, and V2L:
It's important to note that the information provided is based on publicly available information and does not predict future EV capabilities, which are constantly evolving. This rapidly changing landscape means that the information may be subject to change since the publication of this post in March 2025.
To unlock V2G and V2H capabilities, a bidirectional EV charger must be installed at home. This allows power to be drawn from the vehicle to power your home and even supply energy back to the grid. Therefore, we will discuss the complete systems, including both the EV and the bidirectional charger, required to enable V2G and V2H functionalities.
Ford F-150 Lightning EV + Ford Charge Station Pro bidirectional charger
You can get the full works with this system including V2L, V2H, and V2G. Sunrun will work with you to do the system installation. The one downside to this system is that the Ford Charge Station Pro only works with Ford EVs, so if you change your car, you’ll likely also need to change your bidirectional charger as well.
Kia EV9 EV + Wallbox Quasar 2 bidirectional charger
This is another one where you can get the full works with this system including V2L, V2H, and V2G. To install this system, COIL electrical installer is the sister company to Wallbox, so they will be a good place to start to get this bidirectional charger system installed. It should also be noted that the Quasar 2 uses interoperability standards, which mean you likely won’t have to change your charger, if you get a new car. Bidirectional Energy is rolling out programs in California and Connecticut where customers can get up to 75% off the charger and installation.
Nissan Leaf + Fermata FE-20 bidirectional charger
Nissan is the OG to the bidirectional energy space and unlocked bidirectional EV charging in the Leaf as early as 2013. The Fermata FE-20 bidirectional charger is a three-phase charger that will work in commercial settings, but not in homes. Reaching out to Fermata would be the first step to install this system at a commercial site.
While the number of vehicles with bidirectional capability outside the US is numerous, the list below focuses on the models that are also here in the US. We see these as an indication of both the research and development that car manufacturers are doing in the spaces as well as the potential growth in the number of options that may be available.
Unlike V2G, V2H will not export excess power to the grid. In V2H scenarios, folks can access home backup to keep the lights on when the grid is down as well as power your home to save money on your utility bill – both features that V2G can achieve as well. The below EVs have announced only these V2H capabilities, but have not unlocked the ability to sell power to the grid through V2G.
General Motors started making V2H charging a default feature in 2024. The models that are currently available that you can access V2H are:
Chevrolet Silverado EV RST + GM Energy PowerShift Charger and GM Energy V2H Enablement Kit
GM Energy’s ground breaking line of EVs and range of products enable EM EV drivers to do V2H with most of their EV line today. GM is partnering with Qmerit to install these bidirectional systems. Note that the GM Energy system only works with GM EVs, so if you change your car, you may also need to change your bidirectional charger as well.
Other GM vehicles that are compatible with the PowerShift Charger and V2H Enablement Kit are:
You can also do V2L with each of these vehicles. See the “Announced, but not released” section below to see when other GM EVs will have V2H capabilities unlocked.
Tesla Cybertruck + Tesla Powershare
The Tesla Cybertruck can do home backup with the Tesla Powershare. This system cannot be grid connected to supply power to your home, so you would not be able to use this solution if you want to reduce your utility bill while staying grid connected. You can also do V2L with the Cybertruck. The Tesla Powershare is not interoperable with other EV makes, so if you change your car, you’ll likely also have to change your charger.
While V2G and V2H require bidirectional chargers to be installed at home, V2L is much more simple to access. One just needs to have an extension cord to connect a device to an electrical outlet on your EV.
In the V2L scenario, you can power a few devices directly from an EV, but you cannot power your home (V2H) nor draw enough power to supply power back to the grid (V2G). Given this, this section does not cover external energy systems, like the previous two sections, since V2L does not require you to.
All the vehicles listed above in the V2G and V2H sections also provide V2L. Additionally, the list of vehicles below also provide V2L:
A couple of outliers:
The Stellantis RAM 1500 REV has announced V2G and V2H capability, however, their charging solutions page does not currently state what bidirectional charger you can purchase to unlock this capability. For this reason, we are keeping this vehicle in the V2L section due to practicality of implementation.
Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV has a slightly different setup than the other EVs listed above in that an AC Power supply has to be connected between the vehicle and the load. It is not clear to us whether this is available in the US market today.
Below are the list of EVs that have announced bidirectional capability, but are not available for purchase yet.
The landscape of bidirectional charging is rapidly evolving, with more manufacturers exploring V2G, V2H, and V2L capabilities. While the current options in the US are focused on specific systems like Ford's F-150 Lightning, Kia's EV9, and GM's vehicles, the trend is clear: EVs are becoming more than just transportation. They're becoming integral parts of our energy ecosystem, offering potential benefits for homeowners, the grid, and the environment. As technology advances and regulations evolve, we can expect to see even more EVs with these features, along with greater interoperability and easier access to bidirectional charging solutions. Stay tuned to this space, as the future of energy is indeed electric and bidirectional.
Do you have more questions? Is there something we missed? Reach out to us at contact-us@bidirectional.energy.
Q: What is bidirectional charging?
A: Bidirectional charging allows electric vehicles (EVs) to not only draw power from the grid but also send power back. This includes various applications such as powering external devices (V2L), powering your home (V2H), or sending power back to the grid (V2G).
Q: What is the difference between V2L, V2H, and V2G?
A:
- V2L (Vehicle-to-Load): Lets an EV power external devices through an outlet on the vehicle, like tools or appliances.
- V2H (Vehicle-to-Home): Enables an EV to power a home, often used for backup power during outages or to reduce utility bills.
- V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid): Not only powers your home but also sends power back to the grid to potentially earn money.
Q: Do all EVs support V2G, V2H, and V2L?
A: No, not all EVs support all forms of bidirectional charging. The capabilities vary by manufacturer and model. Some EVs may only support V2L, while others may support V2H or V2G.
Q: What is needed to enable V2G and V2H at home?
A: To unlock V2G and V2H capabilities, a bidirectional EV charger must be installed at home. This allows power to be drawn from the vehicle to power your home and even supply energy back to the grid.
Q: Which EVs in the US currently support V2G?
A: Currently, the Ford F-150 Lightning EV with the Ford Charge Station Pro bidirectional charger, the Kia EV9 EV with the Wallbox Quasar 2 bidirectional charger, and the Nissan Leaf with the Fermata FE-20 bidirectional charger (for commercial settings) support V2G in the US.
Q: Are there any EVs that support only V2H in the US?
A: Yes, General Motors (GM) vehicles with the GM Energy PowerShift Charger and GM Energy V2H Enablement Kit, such as the Chevrolet Silverado EV RST, Cadillac Lyriq, and others, support V2H. The Tesla Cybertruck with Tesla Powershare also supports home backup.
Q: Which EVs support V2L?
A: Many EVs support V2L, including the Genesis GV60, Hyundai Ioniq 5, Hyundai Ioniq 6, Hyundai Ioniq 7, Kia EV6, Rivian R1S, and Rivian R1T.
Q: Are there any EVs with V2G/V2H capabilities announced but not yet released?
A: Yes, several models have announced future V2G/V2H capabilities, including the Cadillac Escalade IQ, Cadillac Optiq, and Lucid Air.
Q: Are bidirectional chargers interoperable with all EVs?
A: No, some bidirectional chargers, like the Ford Charge Station Pro and GM Energy system, only work with their respective manufacturer's EVs. However, chargers like the Wallbox Quasar 2 use interoperability standards and may work with other EVs.
Q: Where can I get a bidirectional charger installed?
A: Installation services vary. Sunrun handles installations for the Ford F-150 Lightning system, and COIL electrical installer is the sister company to Wallbox for their system. For the Nissan Leaf system, reach out to Fermata directly. GM partners with Qmerit for their installations.
Q: Is the information in this post always up-to-date?
A: The information is based on publicly available data and is subject to change as the EV industry is rapidly evolving. Always check with manufacturers for the latest updates.
Q: Where can I ask more questions or provide feedback?
A: You can reach out with more questions or feedback at hello@bidirectional.energy.
